The lungs are perfused via extensive collaterals from the systemic arteries, and sometimes also via the ductus arteriosus.
2.
Systemic arteries deliver blood to the arterioles, and then to the capillaries, where nutrients and gases are exchanged.
3.
In this case, the cyanosis is most likely due to blood that moves from the systemic veins to the systemic arteries via a right-to-left shunt without ever going through the lungs . : 141
4.
In addition, deoxygenated blood that is carried from the tissues back to the heart for reoxygenation in systemic circulation still carries some oxygen, though it is considerably less than that carried by the systemic arteries or pulmonary veins.
5.
Systemic arteries can be subdivided into two types-muscular and elastic-according to the relative compositions of elastic and muscle tissue in their tunica media as well as their size and the makeup of the internal and external elastic lamina.
6.
Inhaled nitric oxide vasodilates, decreasing pulmonary arterial pressure ( PAP ) and pulmonary vascular resistance ( PVR ) without affecting systemic artery pressure because it is rapidly inactivated by hemoglobin, and improves oxygenation by redistributing pulmonary blood flow to ventilated areas of lung.
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